In this unit, students will examine how nationalist and decolonization movements in the 20th century employed various methods to achieve independence, ranging from nonviolent resistance to armed struggle. Students will analyze how tensions and conflicts often continued after independence as new nations faced challenges in governance, economic development, and establishing national identity.

Essential Questions:

How did different nationalist movements achieve independence from colonial powers?

What factors influenced whether movements chose nonviolent or violent resistance strategies?

What common challenges did newly independent nations face after achieving sovereignty?

How did Cold War politics influence decolonization movements and post-independence development?